![]() ![]() Springer, p 221–230Ĭostanza JK, Moody A, Peet RK (2011) Multi-scale environmental heterogeneity as a predictor of plant species richness. In: International conference on conceptual modeling, Florence, Italy. Springer, BerlinĬlaramunt C (2012) Towards a spatio-temporal form of entropy. In: Cohn AG, Mark DM (eds) Spatial information theory, 3693. Bioscience 66(1):27–39Ĭlaramunt C (2005) A spatial form of diversity. Landscape Ecol 25(1):17–33Ĭhapman EJ, Childers DL, Vallino JJ (2015) How the second law of thermodynamics has informed ecosystem ecology through its history. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften 66:275–370īuyantuyev A, Wu JG (2010) Urban heat islands and landscape heterogeneity: linking spatiotemporal variations in surface temperatures to land-cover and socioeconomic patterns. Sci Am 289(2):58–65īoltzmann L (1872) Weitere Studien über das Wärmegleichgewicht unter Gasmolekülen. Eolss Publishers/UNESCO, Oxford, UKīekenstein JD (2003) Information in the holographic universe. In: Parra-Luna F (ed) Systems science and cybernetics. Scientific American Library, New York, NYīailey KD (2009) Entropy systems theory. Future research is recommended to improve the computation and to apply Boltzmann entropy in the thermodynamic understanding of landscape dynamics.Ītkins PW (1994) The second law. This computation still requires much attention. These recently developed methods can be regarded as first steps in the computation of Boltzmann entropy for landscapes. Problems of each extension were revealed. Possible strategies for both extensions were theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. Towards this goal, an approach was suggested to extend the method for mosaics to gradients or vice versa. Thus, a general method for both landscape models would be desirable for consistent thermodynamic interpretations. The methods were developed from distinct ideas, apply to different landscape models (landscape mosaics and gradients), and result in different Boltzmann entropies. In the review, two classes of methods were identified. The consistency of different computational methods was investigated. MethodsĪ systematic survey of the efforts to compute the Boltzmann entropy of a landscape was performed. To present a timely, comprehensive review and an analysis of such methods. This situation will probably change because such methods have been developed very recently. Towards this goal, Boltzmann (or thermodynamic) entropy has been widely used in a conceptual way to link these processes to thermodynamic laws, but it has seldom been computed because of a lack of feasible methods since its formulation in 1872. A key goal of landscape ecology is to understand landscape ecological processes across space and through time, with reference to the central organizing principles of nature. ![]()
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